Randomized crossover clinical trial of a Mindfulness-based intervention for nurse leaders: A pilot study / Ensayo clínico aleatorizado cruzado de una intervención basada en mindfulness con enfermeros líderes: estudio piloto / Ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado de uma intervenção baseada em mindfulness em enfermeiros líderes: estudo-piloto

Objective: to analyze the effects of a Mindfulness-based intervention on nurse leaders' emotional intelligence and resilience. Method: a pilot study of a randomized crossover clinical trial. The sample (n=32) was randomized into Group A (n=18) and Group B (n=14) and evaluated at the pre-test, post-test and follow-up moments. The outcomes were assessed using the Emotional Intelligence Measure, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results: a total of 32 nurses with a mean age of 42.6 years old were evaluated. The analyses showed significant interactions between the effects of the group x moment factors on the Self-motivation (p=0.005), Sociability (p<0.001), Self-control (p=0.013), and Total (p=0.002) emotional intelligence skill scores; as well as on the Observe (p=0.042), Describe (p=0.008), Non-judgment (p<0.001), Act with awareness (p=0.004) and Total (p<0.001) mindfulness facets. Post-test: there was a statistically significant increase in the Sociability (p=0.009) and Self-control (p=0.015) emotional intelligence skills; as well as in the Non-judgment (p=0.022) and Total (p=0.002) mindfulness facets. Follow-up: a significant increase was observed in the Non-judgment (p=0.024) and Total (p=0.026) mindfulness facets. The "resilience" variable did not present statistical significance in the "group x moment" factor, both in the post-test and during follow-up. Conclusion: the Mindfulness-based intervention used proved to be effective in increasing nurse leaders' emotional intelligence and dispositional mindfulness skills. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c62gy), registered on March 4 th , 2020, updated on September 16 th , 2022.

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de una intervención basada en mindfulness sobre la inteligencia emocional y la resiliencia de enfermeros líderes. Método: estudio piloto de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado cruzado. Muestra (n=32) aleatorizada en el grupo A (n=18) y grupo B (n=14), se los evaluó en el pretest, postest y seguimiento. Los resultados fueron evaluados mediante la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional, el Cuestionario de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson y el Cuestionario Mindfulness de Cinco Facetas, y analizados por el Generalized Linear Mixed Models . Resultados: fueron evaluadas 32 enfermeras con una edad promedio de 42,6 años. Los análisis mostraron interacciones significativas de los efectos de los factores grupo vs. momento en los puntajes de las habilidades de automotivación (p=0,005), sociabilidad (p<0,001), autocontrol (p=0,013) y total (p=0,002) de inteligencia emocional; de las facetas observar (p=0,042), describir (p=0,008), no juzgar (p<0,001), actuar con conciencia (p=0,004) y total (p<0,001) de mindfulness. Postest: hubo un aumento estadísticamente significativo de las habilidades de sociabilidad (p=0,009) y autocontrol (p=0,015) de inteligencia emocional; de las facetas no juzgar (p=0,022) y total (p=0,002) de mindfulness . Seguimiento: se observó un aumento significativo en las facetas no juzgar (p=0,024) y total (p=0,026) de mindfulness . La variable resiliencia no presentó significación estadística en el factor grupo vs. momento en el postest y seguimiento. Conclusión: la intervención basada en mindfulness utilizada demostró ser eficaz para aumentar la inteligencia emocional y las habilidades de mindfulness disposicional de los enfermeros líderes. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (RBR-3c62gy), registrado el 4 de marzo de 2020, actualizado el 16 de septiembre de 2022.

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção baseada em mindfulness na inteligência emocional e resiliência de enfermeiros líderes. Método: estudo-piloto de ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado. Amostra (n=32) randomizada em grupo A (n=18) e grupo B (n=14), avaliados nos momentos pré-teste, pós-teste e seguimento. Os desfechos foram avaliados pela Medida de Inteligência Emocional, pelo Questionário de Resiliência Connor-Davidson e pelo Questionário das Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness , e analisados pelo Generalized Linear Mixed Model . Resultados: foram avaliadas 32 enfermeiras com idade média de 42,6 anos. As análises mostraram interações significativas dos efeitos dos fatores Grupo x Momento nos escores das habilidades de automotivação (p=0,005), sociabilidade (p<0,001), autocontrole (p=0,013) e total (p=0,002) de inteligência emocional; das facetas observar (p=0,042), descrever (p=0,008), não julgar (p<0,001), agir com consciência (p=0,004) e total (p<0,001) de mindfulness . Pós-teste: houve aumento estatisticamente significante das habilidades de sociabilidade (p=0,009) e autocontrole (p=0,015) de inteligência emocional; das facetas não julgar (p=0,022) e total (p=0,002) de mindfulness . Seguimento: observou-se aumento significativo das facetas não julgar (p=0,024) e total (p=0,026) de mindfulness . A variável resiliência não apresentou significância estatística no fator Grupo x Momento, no pós-teste e seguimento. Conclusão: a intervenção baseada em mindfulness utilizada mostrou-se efetiva no aumento das habilidades de inteligência emocional e mindfulness disposicional de enfermeiros líderes. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (RBR-3c62gy), registrado em 04 de março de 2020, atualizado em 16 de setembro de 2022.

Psychological resilience and mood disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective This systematic review aims to describe the relationship between psychological resilience and mood disorders. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The following databases were searched on November 6, 2020: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. Results Twenty-three articles were included and the majority of the studies included (95.7%) showed that psychological resilience has a positive impact in mood disorders. Our meta-analysis showed that individuals with bipolar disorder presented significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (standardized mean difference [SDM]: -0.99 [95% confidence interval {95%CI}: -1.13 to -0.85], p < 0.001). In addition, individuals with depression had significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (SDM: -0.71 [95%CI -0.81 to -0.61], p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed that individuals with mood disorders are less resilient than individuals without mood disorders. Our findings reinforce the importance of investigating interventions that may help to improve psychological resilience considering its positive impact in the context of mood disorders.

Nivel de resiliencia y su relación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas / Level of resilience and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas

Introducción: la resiliencia es la capacidad de adaptación de los individuos frente a los retos de la vida. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de resiliencia y su relación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas. Metodología: estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, retrospectivo. Muestreo no probabilístico, realizado en el periodo de mayo a julio de 2022. Se utilizó la encuesta de Wagnild & Young para evaluar la resiliencia. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, niveles de resiliencia y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se utilizó el software Epi info para el análisis de los datos. A las variables cualitativas se les calculó la frecuencia absoluta y relativa y a las variables cuantitativas la media y desviación estándar. Para buscar la asociación entre el nivel de la resiliencia y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se utilizó el Chi cuadrado, se consideró estadísticamente significativo p: <0,05. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 154 residentes, 45,5 % de los residentes presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad, 87,7 % consumen alcohol, 14,9 % sedentarismo, 5,2 % Hipertensión Arterial, 10,4 % dislipidemia y el 50 % antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardiovascular. El 48 % de los médicos presentó baja resiliencia. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre la resiliencia baja y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (p <0,05). Conclusión: la mitad de los residentes presentan baja resiliencia y existe relación entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la baja resiliencia en los médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas.

Introduction: resilience is the ability of individuals to adapt to life's challenges. Objective: determine the level of resilience and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in resident doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas. Methodology: this was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study. We used non-probability sampling, from May to July 2022. The Wagnild & Young survey was used to evaluate resilience. Sociodemographic variables, resilience levels and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Epi info software was used for data analysis. The absolute and relative frequency was calculated for the qualitative variables and the mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables. To find the association between the level of resilience and cardiovascular risk factors, the Chi square was used; p: <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 154 residents participated in the study, 45.5 % of the residents were overweight or obese, 87.7 % consumed alcohol, 14.9 % had a sedentary lifestyle, 5.2 % had high blood pressure, 10.4 % had dyslipidemia and 50 % had a family history of cardiovascular disease. 48 % of respondents presented low resilience. A statistically significant relationship was found between low resilience and cardiovascular risk factors (p <0.05). Conclusion: half of the residents have low resilience and there is a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and low resilience in resident doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas.

Nivel de resiliencia y su relación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas

Introducción: la resiliencia es la capacidad de adaptación de los individuos frente a los retos de la vida. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de resiliencia y su relación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas. Metodología: estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, retrospectivo. Muestreo no probabilístico, realizado en el periodo de mayo a julio de 2022. Se utilizó la encuesta de Wagnild & Young para evaluar la resiliencia. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, niveles de resiliencia y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se utilizó el software Epi info para el análisis de los datos. A las variables cualitativas se les calculó la frecuencia absoluta y relativa y a las variables cuantitativas la media y desviación estándar. Para buscar la asociación entre el nivel de la resiliencia y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se utilizó el Chi cuadrado, se consideró estadísticamente significativo p: <0,05. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 154 residentes, 45,5 % de los residentes presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad, 87,7 % consumen alcohol, 14,9 % sedentarismo, 5,2 % Hipertensión Arterial, 10,4 % dislipidemia y el 50 % antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardiovascular. El 48 % de los médicos presentó baja resiliencia. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre la resiliencia baja y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (p <0,05). Conclusión: la mitad de los residentes presentan baja resiliencia y existe relación entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la baja resiliencia en los médicos residentes del Hospital de Clínicas.

Introduction: resilience is the ability of individuals to adapt to life's challenges. Objective: determine the level of resilience and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in resident doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas. Methodology: this was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study. We used non-probability sampling, from May to July 2022. The Wagnild & Young survey was used to evaluate resilience. Sociodemographic variables, resilience levels and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Epi info software was used for data analysis. The absolute and relative frequency was calculated for the qualitative variables and the mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables. To find the association between the level of resilience and cardiovascular risk factors, the Chi square was used; p: <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 154 residents participated in the study, 45.5 % of the residents were overweight or obese, 87.7 % consumed alcohol, 14.9 % had a sedentary lifestyle, 5.2 % had high blood pressure, 10.4 % had dyslipidemia and 50 % had a family history of cardiovascular disease. 48 % of respondents presented low resilience. A statistically significant relationship was found between low resilience and cardiovascular risk factors (p <0.05). Conclusion: half of the residents have low resilience and there is a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and low resilience in resident doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas.

Relación entre resiliencia y conductas alimentarias de riesgo / Relationship between resilience and risk eating behaviors

Resumen: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes. En México se han encontrado porcentajes desde 5 hasta 18% de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en muestras de mujeres estudiantes universitarias (Unikel-Santoncini, et al., 2004). Por otro lado, la resiliencia se define como un constructo que incluye ciertos fenómenos que consisten en la adecuada adaptación del individuo ante situaciones traumáticas, privación extrema, amenazas graves o estrés elevado (González-Arratia, 2008, en Camacho-Valadez, 2016). Esta investigación examina la relación entre la resiliencia y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo por medio de la aplicación de los instrumentos EAT-26 y RESI-M a 201 mujeres mexicanas, con un promedio de edad de 22 años. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Producto Momento de Pearson, el cual demostró que, aquellas mujeres con mayores niveles de resiliencia mostraban menos conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Se propone realizar el mismo estudio con poblaciones más jóvenes, así como con participantes de sexo masculino.

Abstract: Eating disorders are one of the most frequent chronic diseases in adolescents and young women. In Mexico, percentages from 5 to 18% of risk eating behaviors have been found in samples of female university students (Unikel-Santoncini, et al., 2004). On the other hand, resilience is defined as a construct that includes certain phenomena that consist of the individual's adequate adaptation to traumatic situations, extreme deprivation, serious threats, or high stress (González-Arratia, 2008, in Camacho Valadez, 2016). This research examines the relationship between resilience and risk eating behaviors through the application of the EAT-26 and RESI-M instruments to 201 Mexican women, with an average age of 22 years. A Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis was performed, which showed that those women with higher levels of resilience showed less risk eating behaviors. It's proposed to carry out the same study with younger populations, as well as with male participants.

Resiliencia académica, rendimiento e intención de abandono en estudiantes universitarios de Quito / Academic resilience, performance and intention to drop out in university students in Quito / Resiliência académica, desempenho e intenção de desistir entre os estudantes universitários em Quito

(analítico) La resiliencia académica es la capacidad para responder adaptativamente a las adversidades del proceso educativo y superarlas exitosamente. Este estudio explora los efectos de la resiliencia académica en una muestra de estudiantes de psicología (N = 550) de Quito, Ecuador. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión evidencian que la resiliencia se relaciona positivamente con el rendimiento académico y negativamente con la intención de abandonar los estudios universitarios. Respecto a las dimensiones de resiliencia académica (perseverancia, reflexión y búsqueda adaptativa de ayuda, así como afecto negativo y respuesta emocional), estas presentan un patrón de influencia diferenciado sobre el rendimiento y la intención de abandono. Asimismo, los efectos favorables de la resiliencia son mayores para los estudiantes que cursan niveles iniciales de carrera y se reducen en los estudiantes de niveles superiores.

(analytical) Academic resilience is the individual ability to respond adaptively to the adversities of the educational process and overcome them successfully. This study explores the effects of academic resilience in a sample of Psychology students (N=550) from Quito-Ecuador. The results of regression analyses show that resilience is positively related to academic performance and negatively related to the intention to drop out of university studies. Regarding the dimensions of academic resilience: a) perseverance, b) reflecting and adaptive help-seeking, and c) negative affect and emotional response, these present a pattern of differentiated influence on performance and dropout intention. Likewise, the favorable effects of resilience are greater for students at initial levels of career, and are reduced for students at higher levels.

(analítico) A resiliência acadêmica é a capacidade de responder de forma adaptativa às adversidades do processo educacional e superálas com sucesso. Este estudo explora os efeitos da resiliência acadêmica em uma amostra de estudantes de psicologia (N=550) de Quito-Equador. Os resultados das análises de regressão mostram que a resiliência está positivamente relacionada ao desempenho acadêmico e negativamente relacionada à intenção de abandonar os estudos universitários. Relativamente às dimensões da resiliência académica: a) perseverança, b) reflexão e procura adaptativa de ajuda, e c) afeto negativo e resposta emocional, apresentam um padrão diferenciado de influência no desempenho e na intenção de abandono. Da mesma forma, os efeitos favoráveis da resiliência são maiores para alunos que cursam níveis iniciais do curso e são reduzidos em alunos de níveis superiores.

História de vida de executivos e resiliência no trabalho: interfaces e relações / Executive life history and workplace resilience: interfaces and relationships

A Resiliência é um processo psicológico que envolve a adaptação positiva diante das adversidades, proporcionando aos indivíduos oportunidades de crescimento e aprendizado. O presente estudo buscou compreender as possíveis relações entre a história de vida de executivos e os comportamentos resilientes demonstrados no ambiente de trabalho. Este estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa que contou com a participação de executivos de quatro organizações do setor têxtil sediadas no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir do método biográfico e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise de conteúdo revelou que a resiliência é um processo aprendido ao longo da vida, o qual auxiliou os participantes a enfrentar e superar as adversidades presentes nos contextos de trabalho em tempos difíceis. Os resultados demonstraram que a resiliência dos executivos teve impacto no alcance dos resultados organizacionais, no desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e na manutenção de sua saúde, bem-estar e qualidade de vida. A resiliência é uma capacidade que pode auxiliar no enfrentamento e superação das adversidades no ambiente de trabalho, especialmente em momentos desafiadores.

Resilience is a psychological process that involves positive adaptation in the face of encoureted adversities, offering individuals opportunities for growth and learning. This study aimed to explore the potential relationships between executives' life histories and the resilient behaviors they exhibit in the workplace. It is a qualitative research conducted with executives from four organizations in the textile sector, based in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data was collected using biographical methods and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis revealed that resilience is a learned proces that unfolds throughout life, assisting participants in confronting and surmounting the challenges present in work environments during challenging times. The results demonstrated that executives had a significant impact on achieving organizational outcomes, developing new skills, and maintaining their health, well-being, and quality of life. Resilience is a valuable capacity that can aid in facing and surpassing workplace adversities, especially in moments of difficulty.

Resiliência, depressão e autoeficácia entre profissionais de enfermagem brasileiros na pandemia de COVID-19 / Resilience, depression and self-efficacy among Brazilian nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os níveis de resiliência, depressão e autoeficácia entre profissionais de enfermagem brasileiros na pandemia de COVID-19. Estudo transversal analítico realizado entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2020. Foram empregados o teste T de Student, a análise de variância e a regressão linear múltipla com o objetivo de investigar em que medida os dois grandes fatores (resiliência e autoeficácia) impactavam nos níveis de depressão. Participaram do estudo 8.792 profissionais de enfermagem, 5.124 (58,8%) tiveram baixos níveis de resiliência. A média da pontuação geral para "depressão" foi de 0,74 e variou de 0,59 a 0,80. A média da pontuação geral para "autoeficácia" foi de 0,68 e variou de 0,56 a 0,80. Quanto aos preditores de depressão, a variável que mais fortemente impactou os níveis de depressão foi resiliência, explicando 6,6% do desfecho (p < 0,001, R2 Ajustado = 0,066). Os participantes deste estudo tiveram, em geral, baixos níveis de resiliência e autoeficácia e maiores pontuações médias para depressão. Os níveis de resiliência impactaram a variável depressão. Urge a necessidade de ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde psicológica de profissionais de enfermagem inseridos em contextos pandêmicos.

Abstract This aim of this study was to analyze levels of resilience, depression and self-efficacy among Brazilian nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study between October and December 2020. Student's t test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the impact of two main factors (Resilience and Self-efficacy) on depression. A total of 8,792 nursing professionals participated in the study; 5,124 (58.8%) had low levels of resilience. The mean overall score for Depression was 0.74, ranging from 0.59 to 0.80, while the mean overall score for Self-efficacy was 0.68, ranging from 0.56 to 0.80. The variable that had the strongest impact on depression levels was Resilience, explaining 6.6% of the outcome (p < 0.001, AdjustedR2 = 0.066). In general, respondents had low levels of resilience and self-efficacy and showed high mean depression scores. Level of resilience had an impact on depression. The findings reveal an urgent need for actions to promote the psychological health of nursing professionals working in crisis situations such as pandemics.

Intervención psicológica, desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva, en parejas infértiles que están en proceso de inseminación artificial

Fundamento: desde la mirada de la psicología positiva, el trabajo con la pareja infértil, que se insemina, permite potenciar las emociones positivas que favorecen el tratamiento y fortalecer en ellos la capacidad resiliente que les conduce a un mayor bienestar psicológico para enfrentar este proceso. Objetivo: aplicar una estrategia de intervención psicológica en parejas infértiles en proceso de inseminación artificial. Métodos estudio prospectivo, de enfoque mixto, que incluyó once parejas bajo tratamiento de inseminación artificial, atendidas en el Centro de Reproducción del Hospital Abel Santamaría, en Pinar de Río, desde diciembre de 2021 hasta abril de 2022. La vía esencial para la localización y accesibilidad de la muestra objeto de estudio fue la consulta propia de psicología dentro de la comisión multidisciplinaria que estudia estas parejas. Se realizaron entrevistas clínicas, observación participante y test psicométricos. Se aplicó una estrategia de intervención psicológica basada en la psicología tradicional y la psicología positiva. Se midió la resiliencia de las parejas antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: la intervención elevó a valores medios-altos la resiliencia de las parejas infértiles que se inseminan. Promovió el desarrollo de pensamientos y estados emocionales positivos, así como la identificación de fortalezas personales y de las parejas. Conclusiones: una estrategia de intervención psicológica basada en la psicología tradicional y la positiva contribuye a elevar la resiliencia de parejas infértiles en proceso de inseminación artificial.

Foundation: from the positive psychology point of view, working with the infertile couple, who is inseminated, allows to enhance the positive emotions that favor the treatment and strengthen their resilient capacity that leads to greater psychological well-being to face this process. Objective: to apply a psychological intervention strategy in infertile couples during the artificial insemination process. Methods: prospective study, with a mixed approach, which included eleven couples undergoing artificial insemination treatment, treated at the Abel Santamaría Hospital Reproduction Center, in Pinar de Río, from December 2021 to April 2022. The essential route for localization and accessibility of the sample under study was the psychology consultation within the multidisciplinary commission that studies these couples. Clinical interviews, participant observation and psychometric tests were carried out. A psychological intervention strategy based on traditional psychology and positive psychology was applied. The resilience of the couples was measured before and after the intervention. Results: the intervention raised the resilience of infertile couples that are inseminated to medium-high values. It promoted the development of positive thoughts and emotional states, as well as the identification of personal and couple strengths. Conclusions: a psychological intervention strategy based on traditional and positive psychology contributes to increasing the infertile couples's resilience in the artificial insemination process.

Perfiles de resiliencia asociados al engagement académico y al apoyo social en estudiantes universitarios / Coping profiles associated with resilience, academic engagement, and social support in university students

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue observar los estilos de resiliencia entre estudiantes de pregrado y explorar la forma en la que cada uno de ellos se encontraba asociado al engagement académico y a las redes de apoyo social al inicio de los estudios universitarios. La muestra correspondió a 371 estudiantes de pregrado del Caribe Colombiano evaluados a partir de un análisis estadístico de clústeres, por el método jerárquico aglomerativo. Posteriormente se clasificaron en grupos de acuerdo con sus similitudes en las 12 dimensiones de resiliencia y finalmente se compararon en términos de engagement y redes personales. Los resultados señalaron cuatro perfiles de estudiantes: (1) sujetos con baja-resiliencia, alto engagement y fuertes vínculos relacionales; (2) resilientes-en-proceso, con niveles intermedios de resiliencia, bajo engagement y redes sociales con poca cercanía; (3) resilientes-autónomos con altos puntajes de resiliencia, niveles intermedios de engagementy redes sociales débiles; y (4) resilientes-con-redes, exhibieron altos niveles de resiliencia, con alto engagement y amplias redes de apoyo. Se concluye que la mayor porción de jóvenes que comienzan la universidad muestra perfiles de baja resiliencia; sin embargo, los altos niveles de motivación por los estudios y los recursos sociales como las redes de apoyo de los compañeros son las condiciones que más permiten afrontar los obstáculos de la vida universitaria. Es importante notar que solamente el último perfil integró los elementos de alta resiliencia, alto engagement y fuertes redes de apoyo que permiten confirmar la íntima asociación entre estos constructos. Los otros perfiles representan casos en los cuales los rasgos de resiliencia son independientes de los niveles de engagement y de la composición de las redes de apoyo personal.

Abstract Adjustment of first-year students to university environments, as well as their academic success, is not exclusively related to their academic aptitude; instead, this adjustment is associated with psychological characteristics, personal and even social resources that help students cope with stressors and new circumstances. A comprehensive assessment of the students' adjustment to university environment must transcend preoccupation on academic performance, and instead explore associations among psychological, academic, and social elements that promote adaptation during the initial years of higher education (Marenco-Escuderos et al., 2021). In this line of research, the objective of this work was to inquire how internal characteristics of students (psychological and academic) interplay with external elements in their support systems to promote adaptation in a higher education environment. Associations were explored among resilience, academic engagement, and social support as determining elements in the adjustment to the demands of the university context. The sample consisted of 371 undergraduate students (60 % female), of low socioeconomic status, enrolled in public universities in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Firstly, the resilience of university students was explored, as the ability to respond to obstacles with a positive view of the world, of others, and of one's own abilities to cope with stressors (Saavedra-Guajardo et al., 2019). Second, the level of engagement that drives young students to concentrate their energies on academic activities was reviewed; and third, the role of peers, and friends as the close-support system that facilitates the overcoming of personal and academic difficulties was investigated (Fernández-Martínez et al., 2017). Based on a statistical cluster analysis, by the agglomerative hierarchical method, individuals were classified according to their similarities in the expression of 12 dimensions of resilience (SV-RES scale), and subsequently compared in terms of engagement (UWES-S scale), and personal support networks (UNICET software). The results showed four student profiles: (1) the largest group consisting of students with low-resilience, high engagement and strong support networks; (2) a resilient group with low levels of engagement and support networks with little intimacy; (3) a resilient group with high characteristics of autonomy, intermediate levels of engagement, and support networks with weak structure; and (4) a very resilient group, high engagement, and wide and strong social support networks. The results point out the fact that the greatest proportion of students who start college show profiles of low resilience, however, high levels of motivation for studies and social resources such as peer support networks are the conditions that mostly allow for coping with adversity in the first years of college. These results could point to cultural aspects specific to the Caribbean region, where social networks are of great importance for daily functioning (Marenco-Escuderos et al., 2021). Regarding the association among the studied variables, it is important to note that only the last profile gathered all elements of high resilience, high engagement, and strong support networks that allow for confirming the association among these constructs. The other three profiles represent cases in which the resilience traits are independent of the students' levels of engagement and the composition of their personal support networks. This study is valuable as it provides a differentiating picture of the relationship of resilience with other psychological and social constructs, and in that it allows to better understand resilience in association with other elements that mediate its interpretation. Important gender differences among the profiles are additionally discussed.

Vocación médica, más allá del deber de cuidar: Revisión de la literatura desde el aspecto ético y filosófico

En este artículo de revisión, se examina la vocación médica como un fenómeno que va más allá del simple deber de cuidar a los pacientes y se centra en la importancia del compromiso ético, la empatía y la resiliencia en la práctica médica. Se discuten las implicaciones para la formación de médicos y la práctica clínica.

This review article explores medical vocation as a phenomenon that extends beyond the mere duty of caring for patients, focusing on the significance of ethical commitment, empathy, and resilience in medical practice. The implications for medical training and clinical practice are discussed.

Higher pain intensity is associated with less resilience in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / Maior intensidade de dor está associada com menor resiliência em pacientes com artrite reumatoide

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, chronic and autoimmune disease that causes joint damage and can lead to physical disability. Patients with chronic and debilitating diseases such as arthritis need to adapt to the new reality. These changes may have less impact on patients with greater self-efficacy and resilience. Psychosocial factors influence the quality of life (QoL) of these patients, so the aim of this study was to assess resilience in this population and its relationship with pain, functional capacity and disease activity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with patients at a medical specialties clinic, using a sociodemographic, a clinical-laboratory, a health assessment, a disease activity score questionnaires and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed using Fisher's Exact, Chi-square, Student's t and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: 120 patients participated in the study, 89.2% female, mean age 56.9 ± 10.7 years. Pain was classified as severe by 40.8%, 65.8% had disease in remission and 50.8% had mild disability. The resilience of 49.2% was high. There was an association between lower resilience and: presence of painful joints (p=0.004) and greater pain intensity (p=0.014). There was a lower average of resilience (130.95) in participants with severe disability. CONCLUSION: Patients with less resilient rheumatoid arthritis had greater functional disability, painful joints and greater pain intensity. In addition, from the moment additional measures are adopted, such as educational actions and behavioral strategies, with an emphasis on resilience, which help in the control and clinical outcome of the disease, there will certainly be a positive impact on the quality of life of these patients.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória, crônica e autoimune, que acarreta lesão articular e pode ocasionar incapacidade física. Pacientes com doenças crônicas e debilitantes como a artrite necessitam se adaptar à nova realidade. Essas mudanças podem ser menos impactantes em pacientes com maior autoeficácia e resiliência. Os fatores psicossociais exercem influência na qualidade de vida (QV) desses pacientes, portanto o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resiliência nessa população e sua relação com dor, capacidade funcional e atividade da doença. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, realizada com pacientes de uma clínica de especialidades médicas, através dos questionários sociodemográfico, clínico-laboratorial, de avaliação da saúde, de escore da atividade da doença,e avaliação da saúde, de escore da atividade da doença, e da escala de Resiliência de Wagnild e Young. A análise dos dados foi feita através dos testes Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado, t de Student e ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 120 pacientes, sendo 89,2% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 56,9±10,7 anos. A dor foi classificada como intensa por 40,8%; 65,8% dos pacientes estavam com doença em remissão e 50,8% com incapacidade leve. A resiliência de 49,2% foi elevada. Foi verificada uma associação entre menor resiliência e: presença de articulações dolorosas (p=0,004) e maior intensidade de dor (p=0,014). Foi verificada menor média de resiliência (130,95) nos participantes com incapacidade grave. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com artrite reumatoide menos resilientes apresentaram maior incapacidade funcional, articulações dolorosas e maior intensidade de dor. Além disso, a partir do momento em que se adota medidas adicionais, tais como ações educativas e estratégias comportamentais, com ênfase na resiliência, que auxiliem no controle e no desfecho clínico da doença, certamente haverá impacto positivo na QV dos pacientes.

Caso clínico de enfermería: modelo de adaptación en adolescente con síndrome de Felty y Rhupus / Nursing Clinical Case: Model of Adaptation in Adolescent with Felty and Rhupus Syndrome / Relato de caso de enfermagem: modelo de adaptação em adolescente com síndrome de Felty e Rhupus

Introducción. El síndrome de Rhupus es la superposición de dos enfermedades autoinmunes, la artritis reumatoide o artritis idiopática juvenil y el lupus eritematoso sistémico, la prevalencia es de 7-401 por 100,000 niños. El síndrome de Felty se caracteriza por la tríada de artritis idiopática juvenil, esplenomegalia y neutropenia; padecer más de una patología reumática es un extraño fenómeno estimado entre el 0.01-2%. Objetivo. Describir el proceso de atención de enfermería integral en una adolescente con Rhupus y síndrome de Felty, bajo el modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy. Metodología. Caso clínico de enfermería en una paciente de 15 años seleccionada en hospitalización pediátrica, con previo consentimiento informado; intervenida a través del proceso de atención de enfermería estructurado según la taxonomía de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería, y la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería, con intervenciones intrahospitalarias y seguimiento con tele-enfermería. Resultados. Mejoría de la ambulación y afrontamiento de problemas evidenciados por el aumento del bienestar de la paciente y la familia. Conclusiones. Ante una enfermedad desconocida, el proceso de atención de enfermería, con intervenciones directas y acompañamiento continuo, permite realizar una atención integral, a fin de lograr la adaptación de la paciente y su familia. Palabras clave: Adaptación Psicológica; Atención de Enfermería; Enfermería; Síndrome de Felty; Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico; Resiliencia Psicológica.

Introduction. Rhupus syndrome is the overlap of two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, with a prevalence of 7-401 per 100,000 children. Felty's syndrome is characterized by the triad of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia; experiencing more than one rheumatic pathology is a rare phenomenon estimated between 0.01-2%. Objective. Describe the comprehensive nursing care process in an adolescent with Rhupus and Felty's syndrome, under the adaptation model of Callista Roy. Methodology. Nursing case study of a 15-year-old patient selected in pediatric hospitalization, with prior informed consent; intervened through the structured nursing care process according to the taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, the Nursing Outcomes Classification, and the Nursing Interventions Classification, with in-hospital interventions and follow-up through tele-nursing. Results. Improvement in ambulation and coping with problems evidenced by the increased well-being of the patient and the family. Conclusions. Faced with an unknown disease, the nursing care process, with direct interventions and continuous support, allows for comprehensive care to achieve the adaptation of the patient and her family. Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological; Nursing Care; Nursing; Felty Syndrome; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Resilience, Psychological.

Introdução. A síndrome de Rhupus é a sobreposição de duas doenças autoimunes, artrite reumatoide ou artrite idiopática juvenil e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, a prevalência é de 7-401 por 100,000 crianças. A síndrome de Felty é caracterizada pela tríade de artrite idiopática juvenil, esplenomegalia e neutropenia; sofrer de mais de uma patologia reumática é um fenômeno estranho estimado entre 0.01-2%. Objetivo. Descrever o processo de assistência integral de enfermagem em uma adolescente com Rhupus e síndrome de Felty, sob o modelo de adaptação de Callista Roy. Metodologia. Caso clínico de enfermagem em uma paciente de 15 anos selecionada em internação pediátrica, com prévio consentimento informado; ela teve intervenção por meio do processo de cuidado de enfermagem estruturado segundo a taxonomia da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, a Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem e a Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem, com intervenções intra-hospitalares e acompanhamento com tele-enfermagem. Resultados. Melhora na deambulação e enfrentamento de problemas evidenciados pelo aumento do bem-estar do paciente e da família. Conclusões. Diante de uma doença desconhecida, o processo de assistência de enfermagem, com intervenções diretas e acompanhamento contínuo, permite um cuidado integral, de forma a alcançar a adaptação do paciente e de sua família. Palavras-chave: Adaptação Psicológica; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Enfermagem; Síndrome de Felty; Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico; Resiliência Psicológica.

Resiliencia y violencia en el noviazgo: un estudio explicativo-predictivo e instrumental con adolescentes colombianos

Introducción: los estudios sobre resiliencia y violencia psicológica en parejas adolescentes en Colombia son escasos, pues se ha explorado con mayor frecuencia la violencia en parejas adultas; además, la disposición de óptimos instrumentos de medida de la violencia psicológica en el cortejo adolescente es limitada. Objetivos: analizar la influencia de la resiliencia en la violencia psicológica en parejas adolescentes; para ello, inicialmente se validó el Cuestionario de Violencia Psicológica en el Cortejo (PDV-Q). Método: el estudio es explicativo-predictivo y de tipo instrumental. La muestra incidental estuvo conformada por 700 adolescentes colombianos, con edades entre 15 a 20 años (M = 18.40; DT = 1.56; 29.3 % hombres). Se reconoció la confiabilidad, la validez de contenido y de constructo con análisis factoriales; posteriormente, se analizaron los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Resultados: se reconocieron evidencias adecuadas de validez y valores óptimos de confiabilidad del PDV-Q. El modelo SEM sugiere influencias inversas de la competencia personal sobre el rol de agresión y victimización; así como una influencia directa de la aceptación de uno mismo y la vida sobre la victimización. Conclusiones: los bajos niveles de aceptación de sí mismo y de la vida podrían ser un factor de riesgo de victimización; mientras que un alto desarrollo de competencias personales sería un factor de protección ante la victimización y la agresión en el cortejo adolescente. El PDV-Q posee óptimas propiedades psicométricas y es adecuado para medir la violencia psicológica en parejas de adolescentes colombianos.

Introduction: Studies on resilience and psychological violence in adolescent couples in Colombia are scarce, since violence in adult couples has been explored more frequently; in addition, the availability of optimal instruments for measuring psychological violence in adolescent courtship is limited. Objectives: Analyze the influence of resilience on psychological violence in adolescent couples; for this, the Psychological Violence Questionnaire in Partners (PVD-Q) was initially validated. Method: The study is explanatory-predictive and instrumental. The incidental sample consisted of 700 Colombian adolescents, aged 15 to 20 years (M = 18.40; SD = 1.56; 29.3 % men). Reliability, content and construct validity were recognized with factor analysis; Subsequently, structural equation models (SEM) were analyzed. Results: Adequate evidence of validity and optimal reliability values of the PVD-Q were recognized. The SEM model suggests inverse influences of personal competence on the role of aggression and victimization; as well as a direct influence of the acceptance of oneself and life on victimization. Conclusions: Low levels of acceptance of oneself and of life could be a risk factor for victimization; while a high development of personal skills would be a protective factor against victimization and aggression in adolescent courtship. The PVD-Q has optimal psychometric properties and is suitable for measuring psychological violence in couples of Colombian adolescents.

Adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico / Adaptación, validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en profesionales de la salud hospitalaria de México

Abstract Introduction Resilience is the capacity in which the qualities and resources of the individual help in the successful coping of adverse situations. Studying the construct of resilience requires seeing it as a process and not only a characteristic of the individual. Saavedra's resilient response is a model that fits this idea and explains resilience satisfactorily. Having a measuring instrument for health personnel working in hospitals would allow discovering its benefits as a protective factor in the workplace. Objective Adapt and validate the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico. Method Based on recent research literature, including response models and modified and adapted items from the Resilience Scale SV-RES, a total of 909 health professionals responded. Distribution, factor analysis, and internal consistency tests were performed. Results The process led to a scale of 28 items grouped into six factors with an overall internal consistency of (α = .908) and 50.5% of explained variance. Discussion and conclusion The Resilience Scale SV-RES has adequate psychometric properties that make it appropriate to measure the resilience capacity of hospital health professionals in Mexico.

Resumen Introducción La resiliencia es la capacidad en que las cualidades y recursos del individuo le ayudan al afrontamiento exitoso de situaciones adversas. Se ha advertido que estudiar el concepto de resiliencia requiere verse como un proceso y no sólo como elementos característicos del individuo, un modelo que explica de manera adecuada este proceso es el modelo de respuesta resiliente de Saavedra. Contar con un instrumento que permita su medición en personal de salud hospitalario permitiría descubrir su beneficio como factor protector en el lugar de trabajo y diseñar intervenciones preventivas o remediales. Objetivo Adaptar y validar la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en profesionales de salud hospitalaria en México. Método Se tomó como base la literatura de investigación científica contemporánea, modelos de respuesta resiliente y los reactivos de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES, adaptados y modificados, a los que respondieron 909 profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron pruebas de distribución, análisis factorial y consistencia interna. Resultados Se obtuvo una escala conformada por 28 reactivos agrupados en seis factores con consistencia interna global de (α = .908) y una varianza explicada de 50.5%. Discusión y conclusión La Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas que la hacen apropiada para medir la capacidad de resiliencia en profesionales de la salud hospitalaria de México.

Emociones, resiliencia y salud autopercibida en trabajadores venezolanos en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19 / Emotions, resilience and self-perceived health in Venezuelan workers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre las emociones, resiliencia y la salud autopercibida en trabajadores venezolanos del sector salud y educación. Investigación de tipo no experimental con un diseño transversal, se recolectó una muestra de 374 trabajadores (70.5% mujeres, 29.5% hombres), con una edad promedio de 42.13 años (D.S. 12.99), quienes fueron escogidos por un muestreo no probabilístico. Para la medición de las variables se emplearon tres instrumentos: Escala de Resiliencia para Adultos de Hernández y Lezama (2016), Escala PANAS de Watson, Clark y Tellegen (1988) y el Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg y Hillier (1979). Los resultados permitieron identificar elevados niveles de resiliencia, una autopercepción favorable de salud y presencia de afectos positivos, asimismo, se encontró que, a menor edad, mayor fue el reporte de emociones negativas, ansiedad, somatizaciones. Aquellos trabajadores que reportaron el fallecimiento de amigos y familiares por COVID-19, experimentaron emociones negativas, ansiedad, somatizaciones y búsqueda de apoyo social. Se identificaron tres grupos de trabajadores: en el primero predominaron mayores niveles de ansiedad, somatizaciones y afectos negativos, en el segundo, poca perseverancia, bajo interés en la búsqueda de apoyo social y mayores afectos positivos y en el tercero, perseverancia, búsqueda de apoyo social y afectos positivos, siendo este último el de mayor proporción al superar y adaptarse a las situaciones adversas y percibir de manera positiva su salud(AU)

This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotions, resilience and self-perceived health in venezuelan workers in the health and education sectors. This research was nonexperimental with a cross-sectional design, and a sample of 374 workers (70.5% women, 29.5% men), with a mean age of 42.13 years (S.D. 12.99), who were chosen by non-probabilistic sampling. Three instruments were used to measure the variables: the Adult Resilience Scale by Hernandez and Lezama (2016), the PANAS Scale by Watson, Clark and Tellegen (1988) and the General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg and Hillier (1979). The results allowed identifying high levels of resilience, a favorable self-perception of health and the presence of positive affects, it was found that the younger the age, the greater the report of negative emotions, anxiety and somatizations. Those workers who reported the death of friends and family due to COVID-19 tended to experience negative emotions, anxiety, somatizations and seeking social support. Three groups of workers were identified; in the first one: higher levels of anxiety, somatizations and negative affects predominated; in the second low perseverance, limited interest in seeking social support and higher positive affects; and in the third one: perseverance, seeking of social support and positive affections. The latest group was the one with the highest proportion of overcoming and adapting to adverse situations, and perceiving their health in a positive way(AU)

Invarianza factorial de dos versiones breves de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) en estudiantes universitarios de Arequipa / Factorial Invariance of two Short Versions of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Arequipa University Students

Resumen La resiliencia es una característica individual que posibilita el reajuste biopsicosocial y espiritual que ayuda al bienestar psicológico y al desenvolvimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la invarianza de medición según el sexo, de dos versiones breves de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) y determinar si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Se evaluó con la CD-RISC-10, que incluye la CD-RISC-7, a una muestra de 491 universitarios arequipeños (312 mujeres; 179 hombres) con edad promedio de 20.56 años (DE = 3.18), de una institución privada. Inicialmente se realizó un análisis factorial multigrupo con cada versión para valorar el grado de invarianza de medición alcanzado, y luego de ello se compararon las medias latentes de resiliencia entre hombres y mujeres. En cuanto a los resultados, la CD-RISC-7 presentó indicadores estructurales más favorables (e.g., λ > .50; en mujeres: CFI = .981, RMSEA = .087, WRMR = 0.683; en hombres: CFI = .966, RMSEA = .124, WRMR = 0.783), que la CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, índices de ajuste en mujeres: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; en hombres: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803) incluyendo la invarianza de medición (invarianza estricta: ΔCFI = .003; ARMSEA = .001), y al comparar las medias latentes fueron halladas diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres (d = .471). Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias teóricas y metodológicas de los hallazgos, así como la necesidad de ampliar los estudios considerando otros aspectos relevantes para una mejor comprensión del constructo resiliencia.

Abstract Resilience is an individual trait that enables biopsychosocial and spiritual readjustment, helping the psychological well-being and academic performance of university students. The objective of this research was to analyze the measurement invariance by sex of two short versions of the Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and to determine if there are differences between men and women. A sample of 491 Arequipa university students (63.5% women), with an average age of 20.56 years-old (SD = 3.18), from a private institution in Arequipa-Peru was evaluated with the CD-RISC-10, which includes the CD-RISC-7. First, a multi-group factor analysis was carried out with each version to assess the degree of measurement invariance achieved, and then the latent means of resilience between men and women were compared. Regarding the results, the cD-Risc-7 presented more favorable structural indicators (e.g., λ > .50; in women: CFI= .981, RMSEA= .087, WRMR = 0.683; in men: CFI= .966, RMSEA= .124, WRMR= 0.783), than THE CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, fit indices in women: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; in men: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803), including measurement invariance (strict invariance: ΔCFI= .003; ARMSEA = .001), and when comparing latent means, significant differences in favor of men were found (d = .471). Finally, the theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are discussed, as well as the need to extend the studies considering other relevant aspects for a better understanding of the resilience construct.

EXPLORING RESILIENCE IN ADOLESCENTS OF MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

Mental health of people in India is becoming a growing concern. Most mental health problems diagnosed in adulthood begin in adolescence. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the concept of resilience gained momentum and deserves special attention. Resilience is a vital skill for navigating life's ups and downs. Resilience is a major and significant asset which adolescents need to combat the adversities and the toll these stressful experiences have on their well-being and mental health. Thus, it is important to explore and understand the resilience among the adolescents. The current paper aims to study the resilience of adolescents with respect to gender, type of family and birth order. The sample comprised of 47 adolescents (13-15 years of age) of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Data was collected using a researcher made tool. The findings revealed that resilience of adolescents does not vary on the basis of gender, type of family and birth order. Thus, it can be concluded that gender, type of family and birth order has no effect on resilience of adolescents.

La ansiedad y depresión en época de COVID y el factor resiliencia / Anxiety and depression in times of COVID and the resilience factor

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la pandemia en su fase II en personas de diversas regiones del país, respecto a la posible aparición de sintomatología de ansiedad y depresión; y cómo éstas se relacionaban con la resiliencia. Material y métodos: Diseño correlacional con corte transversal, participaron 7,439 personas de diferentes estados de México con media de edad de 36.99 (DE=14.00). El cuestionario fue construido por el grupo de investigación PSYCOVID tomando indicadores de diversos instrumentos que miden las variables de estudio como son: la ansiedad, depresión y resiliencia. El mismo mostró una confiabilidad de α=0.88. Resultados: Se encontró presencia de ansiedad en el 11.5% de la muestra, el 23.4% con indicadores de depresión; y el 96.9% de la muestra se manifiestan resilientes. Existe una correlación significativa y negativa entre resiliencia con la ansiedad (r=-0.108, p=0.000) y con depresión (r=-0.100, p=0.000). Respecto a la ansiedad las mujeres obtuvieron porcentajes más altos que los hombres (13.3% vs. 7.5%), mientras que en la depresión las mujeres presentaron porcentajes de 25.5% vs. 18.5% en hombres. En el caso de la resiliencia esta es mayor en hombres (97.4% vs. 96.6%). Por grupos de edad son los adultos jóvenes los que muestran mayor sintomatología depresiva, de ansiedad y resiliencia, comparados con los de mediana edad y adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Se discuten estos datos en función de probables estrategias de atención a nivel comunitario y por grupos vulnerables.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effects of the pandemic in its phase II in people from different regions of the country, with respect to the possible appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms and how these were related to resilience. Material and methods: Cross-sectional correlational design, 7,439 people from different states of Mexico participated with a mean age of 36.99 (SD=14.00). The questionnaire was constructed by the PSYCOVID research group taking indicators from different instruments that measure the study variables such as anxiety, depression, and resilience. It showed a reliability of α=0.88. Results: The presence of anxiety was found in 11.5% of the sample, 23.4% with indicators of depression; and 96.9% of the sample manifested resilience. There is a significant and negative correlation between resilience with anxiety (r=-0.108, p=0.000) and with depression (r=-0.100, p=0.000). Regarding anxiety, women obtained higher percentages than men (13.3% vs. 7.5%), while in depression, women presented percentages of 25.5% vs. 18.5% in men. In the case of resilience, resilience is higher in men (97.4% vs. 96.6%). By age group, young adults show more depressive, anxiety and resilience symptoms, compared to middle-aged and older adults. Conclusions: These data are discussed in terms of probable care strategies at the community level and by vulnerable groups.

Resilience, adverse childhood experiences, and mental health in Health Science students during the COVID-19 pandemic / Resiliencia, eventos adversos en la infancia y salud mental en estudiantes de Ciencias para la Salud en la pandemia por COVID-19

Abstract Introduction A steady rise in mental problems has been observed in the university population, particularly in the area of health, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Protective factors such as resilience and risk factors such as adverse events in childhood have been associated with mental health outcomes. Objective Describe psychiatric symptoms and their association with adverse childhood experiences and resilience in first-semester students in the three undergraduate programs of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Caldas, Colombia in 2020. Method Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study, using a virtual survey including the SRQ (Self Reporting Questionnaire), Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale and questions on adverse childhood experiences. Results A total of 108 students with a mean age of 19.6 years participated in the study. Affective symptoms were found in 6.4% of subjects. The most frequent level of resilience was medium, while the most commonly reported adverse event was child abuse. An association was found between being exposed to adverse childhood experiences and the presence of symptoms that compromise mental health and alter one of the domains of resilience. A link was also found between the presence of these symptoms and the alteration of domains of resilience. Discussion and conclusion It was possible to identify a risk of mental health disorders in students, and to establish an association between adverse events in childhood and resilience.

Resumen Introducción Se ha descrito un aumento progresivo de problemas mentales en la población universitaria, especialmente en el área de la salud, relacionado con la pandemia por COVID-19. Factores protectores como la resiliencia y factores de riesgo como eventos adversos en la infancia, se han relacionado con desenlaces en la salud mental. Objetivo Describir síntomas psiquiátricos y su asociación con eventos adversos en la infancia y resiliencia, en estudiantes de primer semestre de los tres programas de pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia en 2020. Método Estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional, mediante una encuesta virtual incluyendo el SRQ (Self Reporting Questionnaire), escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young y preguntas relacionadas con eventos adversos en la infancia. Resultados Participaron 108 estudiantes con edad media de 19.6 años. Hubo presencia de síntomas afectivos en 6.4%. El nivel de resiliencia más frecuentemente encontrado fue "medio" y el evento adverso en la infancia más comúnmente reportado fue el maltrato. Se demostró asociación entre haber estado expuesto a eventos adversos en la infancia tanto con presencia de síntomas que comprometen la salud mental como con afectación de uno de los dominios de resiliencia. Asimismo, hubo asociación entre presencia de dichos síntomas con afectación de los dominios de la resiliencia. Discusión y conclusión Se pudo identificar riesgo de alteraciones de la salud mental en los estudiantes, resaltando la asociación con eventos adversos en la infancia y la resiliencia.